![]() ![]() For both types of cough, the motor responses are identical and via coordinated, precisely-timed and sequential respiratory events orchestrated by complex neuromuscular networking of the diaphragm, chest and abdominal respiratory muscles, the glottis and parts of the brain. TRPA.sub.1, another excitatory ion channel, has been referred to as the "irritant receptor" and its activation also induces cough. The airways do not normally manifest nociceptive pain from a stimulus but the only consistent response that capsaicin and lung inflammation provoke in healthy human airways is cough. Read below for more information on causes and treatment. The mechanism for the latter type of cough is analogous to induced pain after tissue injury and, it is controlled by the identical transient receptor potential vanilloid cation channel (TRPV.sub.1 ). Acid reflux (GERD), inflammation of the epiglottis, or a mini stroke can cause a gag reflex. For decades, it has been assumed that an absent gag reflex is indicative of neurogenic dysphagia. ![]() Supposedly, its origin dates back when prehistoric humans began living in close proximity to each other and were at risk for infectious respiratory diseases or irritant-induced lung injury. Gag Reflex as a Marker of Dysphagia in CNS Disorders. The second type of cough reflex, a chemosensory type, is carried by unmyelinated C fibers. ![]() This became necessary as the larynx moves closer to the opening of the esophagus as human ancestors adapt phonation over olfaction beginning less than 10 million years ago. A mechanosensory-induced cough reflex conveys through branches of myelinated A nerve fibers is not chemically reactive (i.e., capsaicin, bradykinin) possibly, its evolution is to prevent the harmful effects of aspiration of gastric or particulate contents into the lungs. The cough reflex occurs when stimulation of cough receptors in the respiratory tract by dust or other foreign particles produces a cough, which causes rapidly moving air which usually remove the foreign material before it reaches the lungs. Abstract : This review dissects the complex human cough reflex and suggests hypotheses about the evolutionary basis for the reflex. Absence of the gag reflex can be a symptom of severe medical conditions that result in damage to the glossopharyngeal nerve, the vagus nerve, or brain. Overall, the larynx is under constant control of several systems (including respiration, swallowing and cough) as well as sensory-motor reflex responses involving glossopharyngeal, pharyngeal, laryngeal and tracheobronchial sensory receptors. ![]()
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